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Reference: Dictionaries





Select a category from the list below to view the related resources.

Abbreviations

The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t25

Art

A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t1
 
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t4
 
The Oxford Dictionary of Art
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t2
 
A Dictionary of Modern Design
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t160
 
A Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Art
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t5
 
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t102
Business
A Dictionary of Accounting
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t17
 
A Dictionary of Business
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t18
 
A Dictionary of Economics
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t19
 
A Dictionary of Finance and Banking
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t20
 
A Dictionary of Human Resource Management
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t162
 
The Handbook of International Financial Terms
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t181
Classical
Greek and Latin Searching Tools
www.perseus.tufts.edu
Sponsored by Tufts University, the Perseus Project includes standard Greek and Latin dictionaries, along with searching tools for finding both Greek and Latin terms in a variety of classical authors. This is an outstanding site.
 
Latin Dictionary and Grammar Aid
www.nd.edu/~archives/latgramm.htm
This site is intended as a guide for students of elementary Latin; the dictionary contains about 15,600 words.
 
Words (William Whitaker)
http://lysy2.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/words.exe
A basic Latin dictionary of about 27,000 entries, this site offers a tool to help in simple translations for a beginning Latin student.
 
The Pocket Oxford Latin Dictionary (English-Latin)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t131b
 
The Pocket Oxford Latin Dictionary (Latin-English)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t131a
English
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition
www.bartleby.com/61
This unabridged dictionary contains more than 350,000 entries, along with substantial notes on, and examples of, correct usage.
 
AskOxford.com
www.askoxford.com
A free online dictionary resource from OUP.
 
Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
http://search.eb.com/
For an alternative version, see Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary at the dictionary maker's site.
~Restricted to Union College
 
Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged
http://collections.chadwyck.com/
For the really big words, try the unabridged Webster, unless you prefer the 2nd edition. Link to the Webster's Third New International Unabridged Dictionary near the bottom of the Chadwyck-Healey Individual Literature Collections page.
~Restricted to Union College
 
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary: 1913 Edition
http://humanities.uchicago.edu/forms_unrest/webster.form.html
Somewhat shorter than the new unabridged (maybe there were just fewer words in English in those days), this site is still useful for historical etymology.
 
The Oxford American Dictionary of Current English
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t21&subject=s7
Edited by Frank Abate. Published by Oxford University Press and available via Oxford Reference Online, the dictionary includes over 175,000 words, phrases, and definitions. "Based on a database of some 200 million words, The Oxford American Dictionary of Current English offers superb coverage of American English. Its features include thousands of concise definitions and entries, plus grammar, style, and usage notes that give guidance on correct English. Hundreds of word histories provide fascinating background to American English, and there are 3,000 biographical and geographical entries."
~Restricted to Union College
 
Oxford English Dictionary
http://dictionary.oed.com/entrance.dtl
But for comprehensiveness, you can't beat the venerable dictionary created largely by James A. H. Murray. Not every English word is here (technical terms, for instance), but nearly every ordinary word is somehow accounted for, together with what is taken to be the first appearance in the written language of each. See also EMEDD for historical English dictionaries.
~Restricted to Union College
 
Cambridge Dictionary of American English
Cambridge International Dictionary of English
Cambridge International Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs
Cambridge International Dictionary of Idioms
http://dictionary.cambridge.org
These word books are intended primarily for speakers of non-English languages, but then that might include all of us at some time or another.
 
The Early Modern English Dictionaries Databases (EMEDD)
www.chass.utoronto.ca/english/emed/emedd.html
This site offers a searchable compilation of bilingual and monolingual dictionaries published in England between 1530 and 1657.
 
The New Oxford American Dictionary
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t183
 
The Australian Oxford Dictionary
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t157
 
The Canadian Oxford Dictionary
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t150
 
The Oxford American Dictionary of Current English
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t21
 
The Concise Oxford English Dictionary
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t23
 
The Oxford Dictionary of English (2nd edition revised)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t140
 
The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t186
 
The Oxford Dictionary of Idioms
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t35
Etymology
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t27
 
Wordorigins.org
www.wordorigins.org
Wordorigins.org: Devoted to the origins of words and phrases
French
ARTFL Project: French-English Dictionary
http://humanities.uchicago.edu/forms_unrest/FR-ENG.html
This simple French-English dictionary contains about 75,000 terms; translation works in both directions.
~Restricted to Union College
 
 
Collins French Dictionary
http://wordreference.com
 
The Concise Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary (English-French)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t64b&subject=s16
Edited by Marie-H�l�ne Corr�ard and Valerie Grundy Published by Oxford University Press and available via Oxford Reference Online, the dictionary includes 175,000 words and phrases, 270,000 translations. "Based on the highly acclaimed Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary, described by the Independent as `revolutionary', this dictionary provides an authoritative guide to French language and culture." It is compiled entirely from the evidence of large electronic text collections of French literature and language. See Also (French-English).
~Restricted to Union College
 
The Concise Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary (French-English)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t64a
 
Dictionaries d'autrefois
www.lib.uchicago.edu/efts/ARTFL/projects/dicos
This search engine looks for definitions in Nicot's Thresor del la langue fran�aise (1606) and the Dictionnaire de L'Acad�mie fran�aise (1694, 1798, and 1835).
 
The Oxford Business French Dictionary (English-French)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t109b
 
The Oxford Business French Dictionary (French-English)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t109a
For additional French-English-French dictionaries, and related word books, see Web of Online Dictionaries.


German
Collins German Dictionary
http://wordreference.com
 
The Concise Oxford-Duden German Dictionary (English-German)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t65b
Edited by M. Clark and O. Thyen Published by Oxford University Press and available via Oxford Reference Online, the dictionary includes 140,00 words and phrases; 240,000 translations. "Based on the highly acclaimed Oxford-Duden German Dictionary, recommended by academics, professionals, and students across the world, this dictionary provides learners at intermediate level with an authoritative guide to German and English in a concise and easy-access format. This dictionary incorporates the recent German spelling reforms throughout, and provides unrivalled coverage of general, scientific, and technical and literary vocabulary Entries bring together the essential vocabulary from specific subject areas such as the environment, society, business and industry, communication, media, and the arts." See Also (German-English).
~Restricted to Union College
 
The Concise Oxford-Duden German Dictionary (German-English)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t65a
 
The New English-German Dictionary
www.iee.et.tu-dresden.de/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/wernerr/search.sh
 
English-German Dictionary
http://dict.leo.org
In addition to a 240,000 entry dictionary, this site features a variety of other resources for German translating. See also QuickDic Online for similar services.
For additional German-English-German dictionaries, and related word books, see Web of Online Dictionaries.


Grammar
The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t28
 
The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t26
 
Pocket Fowler's Modern English Usage
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t30
Irish
The Pocket Oxford Irish Dictionary (English-Irish)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t145b
 
The Pocket Oxford Irish Dictionary (Irish-English)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t145a
Italian
Collins Italian Dictionary
http://wordreference.com
 
English-Italian Online Dictionary
http://dictionaries.travlang.com/EnglishItalian
This modest dictionary contains about 3,700 words; useful especially for travelers.
 
Italian-English Online Dictionary
http://dictionaries.travlang.com/ItalianEnglish
This modest dictionary contains about 3,700 words; useful especially for travelers.
 
The Pocket Oxford Italian Dictionary (English-Italian)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t66b&subject=s16
Edited by Lexus and Deborah Mazza Published by Oxford University Press and available via Oxford Reference Online, the dictionary includes 80,000 words and phrases; 100,000 translations. Includes complete coverage of contemporary idiomatic Italian and English, both written and spoken. See Also (Italian-English).
~Restricted to Union College
 
The Pocket Oxford Italian Dictionary (Italian-English)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t66a
For additional Italian-English-Italian dictionaries, and related word books, see Web of Online Dictionaries.


Law
A Dictionary of Law
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t49
Multilingual
Allwords.com
www.allwords.com
A multilingual search function allows this site to translate directly into Dutch, French, German, Italian, and Spanish.
 
Travlang's Translating Dictionaries
http://dictionaries.travlang.com
This site offers a large collection of traveler's dictionaries, providing translations into multiple languages.

Myth

A Dictionary of African Mythology
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t68
 
A Dictionary of Asian Mythology
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t69
 
A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t70
 
A Dictionary of English Folklore
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t71
 
The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t214
 
A Dictionary of World Mythology
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t73
Names
A Dictionary of British Place-Names
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t40
 
A Dictionary of First Names
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t41
 
Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t209
Quotations
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Quotations
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t91
 
The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t115
 
The Oxford Dictionary of Modern Quotations
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t93
For additional classical language resources, see Web of Online Dictionaries.


Science
A Dictionary of Animal Behaviour
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t158
 
A Dictionary of Biology
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t6
 
A Dictionary of Ecology
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t14
 
A Dictionary of Plant Sciences
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t7
 
A Dictionary of Scientists
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t84
 
A Dictionary of Zoology
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t8
 
A Dictionary of Computing
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t11
 
A Dictionary of the Internet
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t12
 
A Dictionary of Weights, Measures, and Units
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t135
 
A Dictionary of Earth Sciences
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t13
 
A Dictionary of Geography
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t15
 
A Dictionary of Weather
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t16
 
Concise Medical Dictionary
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t60
 
A Dictionary of Nursing
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t62
 
A Dictionary of Psychology
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t87
 
The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science and Medicine
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t161
 
A Dictionary of Astronomy
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t80
 
A Dictionary of Chemistry
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t81
 
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Mathematics
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t82
 
A Dictionary of Physics
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t83
 
A Dictionary of Statistics
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t106
 
A Dictionary of Weights, Measures, and Units
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t135
 
A Dictionary of Animal Behaviour
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t158
 
A Dictionary of Astronomy
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t80
 
A Dictionary of Biology
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t6
 
A Dictionary of Chemistry
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t81
 
A Dictionary of Earth Sciences
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t13
 
A Dictionary of Ecology
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t14
 
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Mathematics
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t82
 
Concise Medical Dictionary
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t60
 
A Dictionary of Nursing
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t62
 
A Dictionary of Physics
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t83
 
A Dictionary of Plant Sciences
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t7
 
A Dictionary of Psychology
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t87
 
A Dictionary of Space Exploration
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t212
 
The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science and Medicine
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t161
 
A Dictionary of Zoology
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t8
Spanish
Collins Spanish Dictionary
http://wordreference.com
 
The Concise Oxford Spanish Dictionary (English-Spanish)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t67b&subject=s16
Edited by Carol Styles Carvajal and Jane Horwood Published by Oxford University Press and available via Oxford Reference Online, the dictionary includes 170,000 words and phrases; 240,000 translations. "Based on the highly-acclaimed Oxford Spanish Dictionary, this dictionary provides students at intermediate level with an authoritative, up-to-date guide to world Spanish. It is the only concise Spanish dictionary to present the full wealth of Spanish from both sides of the Atlantic, with coverage of 24 varieties of the language as it is written and spoken throughout the Spanish-speaking world. Thousands of real, authentic example sentences are given, which are carefully selected to illustrate the full range of meanings and typical contexts." See Also (Spanish-English).
~Restricted to Union College
 
The Concise Oxford Spanish Dictionary (Spanish-English)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t67a
 
The Oxford Business Spanish Dictionary (English-Spanish)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t107b
Published by Oxford University Press and available via Oxford Reference Online, the dictionary includes 50,000 words and phrases; 80,000 translations. Offers comprehensive coverage of core business vocabulary from a wide range of fields, including accountancy, banking, economics, human resource management, law, sales and marketing, the stock market, management, taxation, insurance, and information technology. See Also (Spanish-English).
~Restricted to Union College
 
The Oxford Business Spanish Dictionary (Spanish-English)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t107a
For additional Spanish-English-Spanish dictionaries, and related word books, see Web of Online Dictionaries.


Specialty
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t27&subject=s8
Based on The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, the principal authority on the origin and development of English words, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Etymology contains a wealth of information about the English language and its history. Find out where the words 'bungalow' and 'assassin' came from, what 'nice' meant in the Middle Ages and much more.
 
Oxford Reference Online
www.oxfordreference.com
Oxford Reference Online: The Core Collection brings together 100+ language and subject dictionaries and reference works into a single cross-searchable resource.
 
yourDictionary.com: Specialty Dictionaries
www.yourdictionary.com/specialty.html
A comprehensive site that includes just about everything from Accounting to Wine.
Thesauri
Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Thesaurus
www.m-w.com/thesaurus.htm
 
English Dictionaries & Thesauruses
www.oxfordreference.com/views/SUBJECT_SEARCH.html?subject=s7
 
The Oxford American Thesaurus of Current English
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t22&subject=s7
Edited by Christine A. Lindberg Published by Oxford University Press and available via Oxford Reference Online, the dictionary includes 15,000 headwords, 350,000 synonyms. "This thesaurus is based on state-of-the-art research conducted by Oxford's U.S. dictionary staff using a vast database of some 200 million words. It has more than 15,000 main entries keyed to over 350,000 synonyms, with accompanying example sentences and phrases. Key entries are also supplemented by antonym lists. With clear, expert advice on grammar, usage, and pronunciation, this up-to-date thesaurus is the first place to look when you want just the right word."
~Restricted to Union College
 
Roget�s Thesauri
www.bartleby.com/thesauri/
This site includes links to Roget�s II: The New Thesaurus, Third Edition (1995), containing 35,000 synonyms and Roget�s International Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases (1922), with 85,000 hyperlinked cross-references. Additionally, over 2200 quotations from classic and modern authors illustrate the 1000+ entries.
 
WordNet Search
http://vancouver-webpages.com/wordnet/index.html
This site permits searching for terms having the same meaning, the opposite meaning, or some other conceptual relationship to the searched word.
 
The Oxford Paperback Thesaurus
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t24
Welsh
The Pocket Modern Welsh Dictionary (English-Welsh)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t144b
 
The Pocket Modern Welsh Dictionary (Welsh-English)
www.oxfordreference.com/views/BOOK_SEARCH.html?book=t144a